Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are attractive candidates for sustainable energy conversion due to their flexibility, lowcost processing, and compatibility with large-area fabrication. However, their efficiency is hindered by interfacial defects and vertical phase separation in the active layer, which induce charge imbalance and recombination losses. This work presents an interfacial engineering approach to overcome these limitations in P3HT:PC₇₀BM-based OPVs. Two key strategies were employed: (i) reducing the post-deposition annealing time of the active layer to suppress PC₇₀BM accumulation at the bottom electrode, and (ii) using a DCB:DCM mixed solvent system to regulate solvent evaporation, thereby promoting uniform film formation during PC₇₀BM overlay deposition. Devices fabricated with these optimizations exhibited notable enhancements, achieving short-circuit current density up to 15.83 mA/cm² and a 58.1% increase in power conversion efficiency compared to control devices. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed reduced surface aggregation of PC₇₀BM, while X-ray diffraction indicated improved P3HT crystallinity and molecular ordering. These results highlight the critical role of interfacial and morphological control in enhancing charge separation and transport, offering a practical route toward efficient, reproducible, and stable OPVs.

This study investigates the effects of chemical etching for anti-glare (AG) treatment and the subsequent deposition of a TiZrO₂/SiO₂ double-layer anti-reflection (AR) coating on glass surfaces. The AG treatment was performed using ammonium fluoride in gel form via screen printing, followed by electron beam deposition of SiO₂/TiZrO₂ layers. The surface roughness, optical transmittance, and refractive index were analyzed. The results revealed that while the surface roughness increased with larger screen patterns during the AG treatment, it was reduced by the deposition of the AR layers. Additionally, the gloss caused by external light was higher with lower surface roughness, but it was effectively reduced by the AR coating. The optical reflectance showed minimal changes during the AG treatment, remaining similar to that of bare glass substrates. However, the AR coating significantly decreased reflectance. The combination of AG treatment and AR coating improved optical transmittance and reduced gloss, making this method beneficial for enhancing visibility in automotive displays. The findings suggest that this approach can mitigate the impact of external light and improve the clarity of displayed information, making it suitable for automotive display applications.

Randomly patterned and wet chemical etching processes were used to treat anti-glare of display cover glasses. The surface and optical properties of grain size and surface morphology controlled by randomly patterned etching and wet chemical solution etching were investigated. The surface morphology and roughness of the etched samples were examined using a spectrophotometer and a portable surface roughness (Ra) measuring instrument, respectively. The gloss caused by reflection from the glass surface was measured at 60° using a gloss meter. The surface of the sample etched by the doctor-blade process was more uniform than that obtained from a screen pattern etching process at gel state etching process of the first step. The surface roughness obtained from the randomly patterned etching process depended greatly on the mesh size, which in turn affected the grain size and pattern formation. The surface morphology and gloss obtained by the etching process in the second step depended primarily on the mesh size of the gel state etching process of the first step. In our experimental range, the gloss increased on decreasing the grain size at a lower mesh size for the first step process and for longer reaction times for the second step process.

This work reports the surface morphology and transmittance of copper oxide thin films for semitransparent solar cell applications. We prepared the oxide specimens by subjecting copper thin films to an oxidation reaction at annealing temperatures ranging between 100℃ and 300℃. The color of the as-deposited specimen was red, but changed to purple at the annealing temperature of 300℃. The surface morphology and transmittance of the specimens were significantly dependent on the annealing temperature and thickness of the copper films. Copper oxide nanoparticles prepared from a 20-nm-thick copper film at an annealing temperature of 300℃ provided a maximum transmittance of 93%. The obtained optical characteristics and surface morphology suggest that copper oxide thin films prepared by an oxidation reaction can be potentially employed as color- and transmittance-adjusting layer in semitransparent thin solar cells.

In this study, the application of biosensor having a large surface area for more effective and AAO (anomic aluminium oxide) template in order to gain concentration and voltage of anodizing process morphology changes to the control of experiments were conducted. The biosensor surface may increase the response characteristics by having a large surface area. So the entrance to a little more efficient wide depth sensing experiment was carried out to obtain a structure body with a branch shape with a large surface area with increasing. Experimental results from the FE-SEM observation was obtained template morphology. As a result, depending on the anodizing time, the depth of the layer of aluminum oxide was found that it was confirmed that the deepening of the pore size changes according to anodizing condition. And measuring the detection performance according to the conditions in the electrolyte and the reaction because of blood using a biosensor measuring sensing property according to the depth of the pore depth is considered that does not have a significant impact.

The polyimide composite membranes were prepared with polyimide composite solutions including graphenes by using the phase inversion method. The morphologies of these membranes were significantly changed according to the grapheme loadings in composite solutions and the solvent systems of the composite solutions. The finger-like macro-voids were formed in the hollow fiber membranes which were prepared in the NMP solvent system with a small amount of ethanol. As increasing the content of the viscous alcohols such as glycerol or 1.3-propanediol in the composite solution, however, the morphologies of the hollow fiber membranes were changed to sponge-like types. In case of flat membranes, the increase of grapheme content in polyimide composites causes that their membranes change from the finger-like macro-porous to sponge-like morphologies.