To ensure the long-term reliability of flexible photovoltaic (FPV) modules, it is crucial to develop an effective moisture barrier layer that prevents the infiltration of moisture and oxygen. We developed such a layer composed of parylene (700 nm) and AlOx (70 nm), optimizing its material properties, moisture-blocking performance, and processing conditions. The barrier layer applied to the Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) substrate demonstrated a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 6.33 × 10^-2 g/m²/day and an average visible light transmittance (AVT) of 85.3% over the 380-780 nm wavelength range. For the FPV module with this barrier, Damp/Heat (DH) reliability testing was conducted at 85℃ and 85% relative humidity for up to 1,000 hours. During testing, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) decreased slightly from 25.4% (0 hr) to 24.7% (1,000 hr), reflecting a minimal reduction of only 0.7%. The primary cause of degradation was identified as a -4% relative change in shortcircuit current density (JSC) before and after DH testing. Consequently, the ETFE/parylene/AlOx multilayer moisture barrier proved highly effective in ensuring the long-term reliability of solar modules.

Climate conditions, especially transport and storage, are a very important factor in the process of sampling and testing insulation oil in the field. The samples of insulating oil exposed to the atmosphere affect the dielectric strength, total acid number and moisture test value by oxygen and high humidity environment and may also affect the results according to the criteria specified in each test. Therefore, reliable test values for insulating oil testing require consideration of the atmospheric environment of the test site, including oxygen and humidity. In this paper, each test was conducted on insulating oil exposed to various time and humidity environments, and the effect of the atmospheric environment on the test results was analyzed by comparing and analyzing with the first insulating oil.

Oxide semiconductor gas sensors are widely used for detecting toxic, explosive, and flammable gases due to their simple structure, cost-effectiveness, and potential integration into compact devices. However, their reliable gas detection is hindered by a longstanding issue known as humidity dependence, wherein the sensor resistance and gas response change significantly in the presence of moisture. This problem has persisted since the inception of oxide semiconductor gas sensors in the 1960s. This paper explores the root causes of humidity dependence in oxide semiconductor gas sensors and presents strategies to address this challenge. Mitigation strategies include functionalizing the gas-sensing material with noble metal/transition metal oxides and rare-earth/rare-earth oxides, as well as implementing a moisture barrier layer to prevent moisture diffusion into the gas-sensing film. Developing oxide semiconductor gas sensors immune to humidity dependence is expected to yield substantial socioeconomic benefits by enabling medical diagnosis, food quality assessment, environmental monitoring, and sensor network establishment.

Citations

• Colorimetric Gas Sensors Based on Metal Oxide and Metal Halide Nanostructures for Rapid Detection of Hydrogen and Ammonia Leakage in Eco-Friendly Marine Vessels
  Haemyeong In, Changyun Kim, Kwonho Jang, Chae Young Woo, Hyung Woo Lee, Ji Wook Yoon, Myungkwan Song, Kang Hyun Park
  Applied Science and Convergence Technology.2026; 35(5): 151.     CrossRef

In this study, to develop angle ring pressboards for high voltage transformers, the radius and thickness are modified under the conditions of temperature and humidity. In particular, a pressboard with a thickness of 6 mm and a radius at the angled part were investigated based on the simulation of the principal stress from the angled optimization profile shape. As a result, by the appropriate application of a higher temperature, the solid insulation can be improved to reduce the moisture content for an optimized profile angle of a high voltage transformer. This also results in the improvement of the safety factor by 25%. It is determined that the electrical insulation properties of pressboards in high voltage transformers can be enhanced by improving their properties.

A marvellous solar cell technology system based on organometal halide perovskites has recently shown an unprecedented progress in power conversion efficiency (PCE); the certified one of 17.9% and unconfirmed of 19.3%, as well as the estimated electricity with a generating cost lower than the half of conventional methods based on fossil fuels. In this report the present status of stability with regards to moisture, ambient temperature, ultraviolet and lead toxicity as well as the key technological developments for the early commercialization are covered. Comprehensive understanding of material science for perovskitesis required, together with complete encapsulation technologies beyond those for OLEDs, in order to ensure a20-year-longer-than lifetime of PSCs (perovskite solar cells) and the stability according to the IEC 61646damp heat test standard, which will result in the replacement of silicon solar cells with PSCs.

Citations

• Performance of Crystalline Si Solar Cells with Temperature Controlled by a Thermoelectric Module
  Kimoo Heo, Daeho Lee, Jae-Heon Lee
  Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering.2015; 27(7): 375.     CrossRef

In this study, the moisture content, charge?discharge current, electrostatic capacity and dielectric loss tangent are measured for the specimen of bisphenol type epoxy resin which is mixed with squared amorphous silica filler and dipped in hot water of 50℃ for 169 days. The results of this study are listed below. The longer of deposition day, the charge and discharge current was increased. It is considered that the reason is because there was water attack through the squared silica surface. The longer of deposition day, the absorption rate of all specimens was increased. It found that the absorption rate reached saturated state after 100 days. The higher frequency and the longer of deposition day, the tanδ was decreased. Also, It found that the tanδ and electrostatic capacity of the specimen which is mixed with squared filler are greater.