A three-electrode type reflective display (electronic paper) is designed to apply an independent electric field to each three electrodes of the cell including two electric-type of particles and electrically neutral color fluid, so single color realization is possible. In particular, the movement of particles and optical properties are decided by the electric field between two electrodes on the lower substrate. So, the effect of electric field by the distance between two electrodes on the lower substrate is studied with electrode spacing with 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, and 25 μm. By our experimentation, the driving voltage induces more reliable movement of charged particles and the optical properties as compared with the threshold voltage. We ascertain the single color realization and non-inverted particle separation is possible. So the more desirable optical properties are observed in case of the short electrode like 10 μm.

We realize a color reflective display without any color filter and sub-pixelation concept, by which the full or single color realization is basically impossible. In this study, we use a 3-electrode on the lower substrate with indium tin oxide (ITO) glass. The width of a rib is 30 ㎛, a cell size is 150 ㎛ × 150 ㎛, and the space of lower electrodes is 10 ㎛. To get the single color, we drive this panel by a identical algorithm based on the movement of charged particle in color fluid within a cell with hermetic seal. According to the driving method, the lifetime of panel is different.

FPN (fixed-pattern-noise) mainly comes from the device or pattern mismatches in pixel and color filter, pixel photodiode leakage in CMOS image sensor. In this paper, optical stack module related pixel FPN was investigated and the classification of pixel FPN contribution with the individual optical module process was presented. The methodology and procedure would be helpful in reducing the greater pixel FPN and distinguishing the complex FPN sources with respect to various noise factors.

In this study, we proposed a novel electrode structure for the fringe field switching (FFS) mode LCD and performed a three-dimensional computer simulation to calculate the optical transmittance for the new structure. In the simulation Erickson-leslie equation and Berreman 4×4 matrix were used for obtaining the director distribution profiles of liquid crystal molecules and the electro-optical characteristics, respectively. Considering the complexity of the motional equation of the liquid crystal molecules, FDM (finite difference method) was used as a numerical method. From the results, We revealed that the light transmission of the newly designed pixel structure is expended to the edge of the pixel electrode. We also confirmed that the light transmittance increased more than 13% compared to that of the conventional electrode structure.